The short answer

Quick Answer

Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) thrives in partial shade or full shade on most soils (pH 5.5-6.5), free-draining. Reaches 1.5 to 6m depending on cultivar. Hardy to around -20°C.

Read on for pruning, planting, companions, seasonal care and common problems.

On this page

Pruning

When: Late autumn to midwinter, when dormant

How: Minimal. Remove dead, diseased or crossing branches. Thinning out to show branch structure is the main task

Origin, history and folklore

Origin: Japan, Korea and China

Native or exotic: Exotic

History: Brought to the UK in the 1820s. Widely planted in gardens from the Victorian era onwards

Folklore: In Japan, the autumn maple viewing, called momijigari, is as important as the spring cherry blossom viewing

Fun fact: There are over a thousand cultivars of Acer palmatum, with leaf shapes ranging from broad to thread like

Historical medicinal uses: None significant

Wildlife and biodiversity

Pollinators: Insignificant flowers [4][5]

Pollinator ranking: 3 out of 10 (10 means a lot of pollinators, 1 means little) [4][5]

Biodiversity value: 3 out of 10 Low. Few insects use it[4][5][13]

Seasonal highlight: 6 out of 10 Fresh spring leaves. Spectacular autumn colour in October and November[3][4]

Companion planting and pests

Companion planting: Underplant with ferns, hostas and hellebores

Pest control: Generally pest free. Aphids on young shoots

Common diseases and issues: Verticillium wilt, leaf scorch, sooty mould. See RHS verticillium wilt advice

Invasive note: Not invasive

CGM care note

Japanese maples hate drying winds and hot afternoon sun. We plant them on the east or north side of a building where they get morning light and shade from midday. A thick bark mulch in a 1 metre circle keeps the surface roots cool and moist.

Useful resources

Plant relationships, Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum)

How Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) fits with other plants in a real Chiltern garden, what it works well with, what to avoid, and what to use instead in tricky spots.

Works well with

Better choice for exposed sites

Better choice for shade

Replacement for failed box

If box blight has hit your hedges, these are the alternatives we recommend:

Seasonal succession partners

Plants with non-overlapping flowering windows to extend the season:

Relevant services

Related articles

Local projects using this plant

See our portfolio for real gardens where we've used Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum).

Chiltern growing year

12-month care calendar

Use this as a seasonal prompt for this plant. Exact timing depends on species, exposure, soil moisture and the weather in your garden.

JanuaryCheck winter damage and protect vulnerable new growth.
FebruaryPrune only where the plant and weather allow; plan spring work.
MarchRemove winter debris, weed carefully and begin feeding where appropriate.
AprilPlant in workable soil and water new plants during dry spells.
MayMulch before the ground dries and watch for pests and new disease.
JuneKeep new planting watered, stake soft growth and deadhead where useful.
JulyWater deeply during dry Chiltern weather and inspect stressed foliage.
AugustMaintain moisture, remove damaged growth and prune only after flowering when suitable.
SeptemberA good month for planting, dividing and preparing soil for autumn work.
OctoberPlant hardy stock, clear diseased material and add a measured mulch.
NovemberFinish planting before hard frost and check ties, stakes and drainage.
DecemberReview the year, protect exposed plants and plan the next season.

References and justification

The values above for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) are supported by the following academic and horticultural authorities. Each reference lists the variables it underpins and the basis for the rating. Inline citation markers (e.g. [4]) next to each value link directly to the supporting reference below.

  1. 1
    RHS (2024). Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) (Acer palmatum and cultivars). Plant Profile. Royal Horticultural Society.

    Confirms the horticultural values above for light, temperature (RHS hardiness rating), water, soil type, pH, drainage, feeding, and pruning times/method for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). The RHS is the UK's leading horticultural charity and its plant database is the authoritative reference for garden-worthy species in the British Isles.

  2. 2
    Kew Science (2024). Acer palmatum and cultivars. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Confirms the botanical classification (family Sapindaceae), native geographic origin, and native/exotic status listed above. Kew's POWO is the globally recognised taxonomic authority for vascular plants, maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  3. 3
    Harrington MG, Edwards EJ, Kadereit G, Gadek PA (2005). Phylogenetic inference in Sapindaceae. Systematic Botany, 30(2), 366-382.

    Peer-reviewed phylogenetic/taxonomic study of Sapindaceae confirming the origin, taxonomy, and ecological characteristics listed above. Supports: origin, taxonomy, seasonal_highlight, pruning.

  4. 4
    Rollings R, Goulson D (2019). Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers to pollinators. Journal of Applied Entomology, 143(1-2), 68-78.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 3/10 for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). The pollinator description above ("Insignificant flowers") is consistent with this study's finding that low-ranked plants attract few pollinators relative to high-performing species. The Biodiversity value assessment ("Low. Few insects use it") reflects the plant's primarily ornamental role rather than ecological significance for pollinator support. Seasonal highlight: "Fresh spring leaves. Spectacular autumn colour in October and November".

  5. 5
    British Beekeepers Association (2024). Garden Plants for Bees. BBKA.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 3/10 and the Pollinators description ("Insignificant flowers"). The BBKA maintains the UK's definitive list of pollinator-friendly garden plants, and Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum)'s ranking is consistent with BBKA guidance on bee-attractive species. Also supports the Biodiversity value assessment ("Low. Few insects use it") in the context of garden-scale pollinator support.

  6. 6
    RHS (2024). Pests and Diseases. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pest and disease database confirms the common diseases, pest control notes, and companion planting observations listed above for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). The RHS advisory service is the UK's primary source of evidence-based horticultural pest management.

  7. 7
    RHS (2024). RHS Hardiness Ratings. Royal Horticultural Society.

    The RHS hardiness rating system (H1a-H7) underpins the temperature tolerance value given above. Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum)'s rating is consistent with RHS published hardiness data for the Sapindaceae family.

  8. 8
    RHS (2024). Soil Types and Testing. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS soil classification and testing guidance supports the soil type, pH range, and drainage requirements listed above for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). The RHS advises on soil assessment for all garden plants in the UK.

  9. 9
    GB Non-native Species Secretariat (2024). GB Non-native Species Information Portal.

    The GB Non-native Species Secretariat database confirms the invasive status assessment for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). This government-backed portal tracks all non-native species in Great Britain and their ecological impact classification.

  10. 10
    RHS (2024). Pruning Guide: Shrubs and Climbers. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pruning methodology and timing guidance for shrubs and perennials underpins the pruning times and methods listed above for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). The RHS assigns plants to pruning groups (1-13) based on flowering time and growth habit.

  11. 11
    RHS (2024). Watering Plants. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS watering advice supports the water requirement and drainage values listed above for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). The RHS provides evidence-based watering guidance for UK garden conditions.

  12. 12
    RHS (2024). Feeding and Mulching. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS feeding and mulching guidance supports the feeding recommendations for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). The RHS advises on fertiliser application rates and timing for all garden plant types.

  13. 13
    Bentrup G (2008). Agroforestry: Sustaining native bee habitat for crop pollination. USDA Forest Service, Agroforestry Note 32.

    USDA Forest Service research on companion planting for pollinator habitat supports the companion planting and pest control observations listed above for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). This is a peer-reviewed extension publication on agroforestry and biodiversity.

  14. 14
    Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2024). Plants Used in Traditional Medicine. Kew Science.

    Kew Science's research on plants used in traditional medicine supports the historical medicinal uses, folklore, and history entries above for Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum). Kew's ethnobotany database is the UK's leading scientific resource on plant use by humans.

Where Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) performs well locally

Towns where Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) is well suited to typical local soil and climate conditions.

Excellent and strong match

Suitable with preparation

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