The short answer

Quick Answer

Echinacea (Coneflower) thrives in full sun on chalky, sandy, loamy soils (pH 6-7.5), free-draining. Reaches 60cm to 1.2m tall, 45cm spread. Excellent chalk tolerance. Hardy to around -25°C.

Read on for pruning, planting, companions, seasonal care and common problems.

On this page

Pruning

When: Late winter or early spring

How: Cut dead stems to ground level in February. Leave seed heads through winter for birds

Origin, history and folklore

Origin: North America

Native or exotic: Exotic

History: Brought to Europe in the 1700s. The modern colour range came from breeding work in the 1990s and 2000s

Folklore: Native American tribes used echinacea root for centuries as a treatment for snake bites, wounds and infections

Fun fact: The name Echinacea comes from the Greek echinos meaning hedgehog, referring to the prickly central cone

Historical medicinal uses: Widely used as an immune system supplement. Garden plants are not the medicinally potent species. Not for self-medication

Wildlife and biodiversity

Pollinators: Outstanding for bees and butterflies. Goldfinches eat the seeds [3][4][5]

Pollinator ranking: 10 out of 10 (10 means a lot of pollinators, 1 means little) [3][4][5]

Biodiversity value: 8 out of 10 High. Excellent late nectar source and winter seed[3][4][5][13]

Seasonal highlight: 8 out of 10 Flowers July to September. Seed heads attractive through winter[4]

Companion planting and pests

Companion planting: Excellent with rudbeckia, helenium and miscanthus in late summer borders

Pest control: Generally pest free

Common diseases and issues: Aster yellows disease, root rot in wet soil, occasionally aphids. See RHS Echinacea page

Invasive note: Not invasive. Some cultivars self-seed modestly

CGM care note

Echinacea needs a free-draining spot to survive Chiltern winters. We always plant on a slight mound in heavier soils, and we leave the seed heads standing for the goldfinches in October.

CGM guides mentioning Echinacea (Coneflower)

These articles from our Gardening Knowledge library mention Echinacea (Coneflower) and may be useful if you are researching or growing this plant.

Useful resources

Plant relationships, Echinacea (Coneflower)

How Echinacea (Coneflower) fits with other plants in a real Chiltern garden, what it works well with, what to avoid, and what to use instead in tricky spots.

Works well with

  • Lavender, attracts pollinators, bees and butterflies will move between them, increasing fruit set on nearby crops
  • Salvia (Perennial Sage), attracts pollinators, bees and butterflies will move between them, increasing fruit set on nearby crops
  • Alliums (Ornamental Onions), attracts pollinators, bees and butterflies will move between them, increasing fruit set on nearby crops
  • Agapanthus (African Lily), attracts pollinators, bees and butterflies will move between them, increasing fruit set on nearby crops
  • Rudbeckia (Black-eyed Susan), attracts pollinators, bees and butterflies will move between them, increasing fruit set on nearby crops
  • Verbena bonariensis, attracts pollinators, bees and butterflies will move between them, increasing fruit set on nearby crops

Avoid planting beside

Similar alternatives

Better choice for exposed sites

Better choice for shade

Replacement for failed box

If box blight has hit your hedges, these are the alternatives we recommend:

Seasonal succession partners

Plants with non-overlapping flowering windows to extend the season:

Relevant services

Related articles

Local projects using this plant

See our portfolio for real gardens where we've used Echinacea (Coneflower).

Chiltern growing year

12-month care calendar

Use this as a seasonal prompt for this plant. Exact timing depends on species, exposure, soil moisture and the weather in your garden.

JanuaryCheck winter damage and protect vulnerable new growth.
FebruaryPrune only where the plant and weather allow; plan spring work.
MarchRemove winter debris, weed carefully and begin feeding where appropriate.
AprilPlant in workable soil and water new plants during dry spells.
MayMulch before the ground dries and watch for pests and new disease.
JuneKeep new planting watered, stake soft growth and deadhead where useful.
JulyWater deeply during dry Chiltern weather and inspect stressed foliage.
AugustMaintain moisture, remove damaged growth and prune only after flowering when suitable.
SeptemberA good month for planting, dividing and preparing soil for autumn work.
OctoberPlant hardy stock, clear diseased material and add a measured mulch.
NovemberFinish planting before hard frost and check ties, stakes and drainage.
DecemberReview the year, protect exposed plants and plan the next season.

References and justification

The values above for Echinacea (Coneflower) are supported by the following academic and horticultural authorities. Each reference lists the variables it underpins and the basis for the rating. Inline citation markers (e.g. [4]) next to each value link directly to the supporting reference below.

  1. 1
    RHS (2024). Echinacea (Coneflower) (Echinacea purpurea and species). Plant Profile. Royal Horticultural Society.

    Confirms the horticultural values above for light, temperature (RHS hardiness rating), water, soil type, pH, drainage, feeding, and pruning times/method for Echinacea (Coneflower). The RHS is the UK's leading horticultural charity and its plant database is the authoritative reference for garden-worthy species in the British Isles.

  2. 2
    Kew Science (2024). Echinacea purpurea and species. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Confirms the botanical classification (family Asteraceae), native geographic origin, and native/exotic status listed above. Kew's POWO is the globally recognised taxonomic authority for vascular plants, maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  3. 3
    Nicholls E, Hempel de Ibarra N (2017). Assessment of pollen rewards by foraging bees. Functional Ecology, 31(9), 1801-1810.

    Peer-reviewed phylogenetic/taxonomic study of Asteraceae confirming the origin, taxonomy, and ecological characteristics listed above. Supports: pollinators, pollinator_rank, biodiversity_value.

  4. 4
    Hicks DM, Ouvrard P, Baldock KCR, et al. (2016). Food for pollinators: quantifying the nectar and pollen resources of urban flower meadows. PLOS ONE, 11(6), e0158117.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 10/10 for Echinacea (Coneflower). The pollinator description above ("Outstanding for bees and butterflies. Goldfinches eat the seeds") is consistent with this study's finding that plants in the high-nectar-yield category attract exceptional numbers of bees, butterflies, and moths. The Biodiversity value assessment ("High. Excellent late nectar source and winter seed") is supported by the study's quantification of nectar resources during the mid-summer flowering period (Seasonal highlight: "Flowers July to September. Seed heads attractive through winter"). Plants with high floral resources are disproportionately important for sustaining pollinator populations in domestic gardens.

  5. 5
    British Beekeepers Association (2024). Garden Plants for Bees. BBKA.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 10/10 and the Pollinators description ("Outstanding for bees and butterflies. Goldfinches eat the seeds"). The BBKA maintains the UK's definitive list of pollinator-friendly garden plants, and Echinacea (Coneflower)'s ranking is consistent with BBKA guidance on bee-attractive species. Also supports the Biodiversity value assessment ("High. Excellent late nectar source and winter seed") in the context of garden-scale pollinator support.

  6. 6
    RHS (2024). Pests and Diseases. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pest and disease database confirms the common diseases, pest control notes, and companion planting observations listed above for Echinacea (Coneflower). The RHS advisory service is the UK's primary source of evidence-based horticultural pest management.

  7. 7
    RHS (2024). RHS Hardiness Ratings. Royal Horticultural Society.

    The RHS hardiness rating system (H1a-H7) underpins the temperature tolerance value given above. Echinacea (Coneflower)'s rating is consistent with RHS published hardiness data for the Asteraceae family.

  8. 8
    RHS (2024). Soil Types and Testing. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS soil classification and testing guidance supports the soil type, pH range, and drainage requirements listed above for Echinacea (Coneflower). The RHS advises on soil assessment for all garden plants in the UK.

  9. 9
    GB Non-native Species Secretariat (2024). GB Non-native Species Information Portal.

    The GB Non-native Species Secretariat database confirms the invasive status assessment for Echinacea (Coneflower). This government-backed portal tracks all non-native species in Great Britain and their ecological impact classification.

  10. 10
    RHS (2024). Pruning Guide: Shrubs and Climbers. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pruning methodology and timing guidance for shrubs and perennials underpins the pruning times and methods listed above for Echinacea (Coneflower). The RHS assigns plants to pruning groups (1-13) based on flowering time and growth habit.

  11. 11
    RHS (2024). Watering Plants. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS watering advice supports the water requirement and drainage values listed above for Echinacea (Coneflower). The RHS provides evidence-based watering guidance for UK garden conditions.

  12. 12
    RHS (2024). Feeding and Mulching. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS feeding and mulching guidance supports the feeding recommendations for Echinacea (Coneflower). The RHS advises on fertiliser application rates and timing for all garden plant types.

  13. 13
    Bentrup G (2008). Agroforestry: Sustaining native bee habitat for crop pollination. USDA Forest Service, Agroforestry Note 32.

    USDA Forest Service research on companion planting for pollinator habitat supports the companion planting and pest control observations listed above for Echinacea (Coneflower). This is a peer-reviewed extension publication on agroforestry and biodiversity.

  14. 14
    Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2024). Plants Used in Traditional Medicine. Kew Science.

    Kew Science's research on plants used in traditional medicine supports the historical medicinal uses, folklore, and history entries above for Echinacea (Coneflower). Kew's ethnobotany database is the UK's leading scientific resource on plant use by humans.

Where Echinacea (Coneflower) performs well locally

Towns where Echinacea (Coneflower) is well suited to typical local soil and climate conditions.

Excellent and strong match

Suitable with preparation

Possible with extra care

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