The short answer

Quick Answer

Raspberry thrives in full sun or partial shade or full shade on most soils (pH 5.5-6.5), free-draining. Reaches plant 45cm apart in rows 1.5m apart. Hardy to around -25°C.

Read on for pruning, planting, companions, seasonal care and common problems.

On this page

Pruning

When: Summer varieties: after fruiting, cut old canes to ground. Autumn varieties: cut all canes to ground in February

How: Summer: thin new canes to 10cm apart, tie in to wires. Autumn: cut everything to ground in late winter

Origin, history and folklore

Origin: Europe and Asia

Native or exotic: Native. Wild raspberries grow in UK woods

History: Cultivated in Europe since the Middle Ages. Modern varieties date from the 19th century

Folklore: In Greek mythology, raspberries were originally white but turned red when the nymph Ida pricked her finger on a thorn

Fun fact: Raspberries are an aggregate fruit like blackberries, made of around 100 drupelets

Historical medicinal uses: Raspberry leaf tea has been traditionally used in late pregnancy, but consult a qualified herbalist or midwife before use

Wildlife and biodiversity

Pollinators: Bees visit flowers [3][4][5]

Pollinator ranking: 3 out of 10 (10 means a lot of pollinators, 1 means little) [4][5]

Biodiversity value: 7 out of 10 Medium to high. Native, good for pollinators[3][4][5][13]

Seasonal highlight: 7 out of 10 White flowers in May. Fruit July to October[3][4]

Companion planting and pests

Companion planting: Avoid planting where rosemary or other Mediterranean herbs have grown. Rotate with vegetables

Pest control: Net against birds. Watch for raspberry beetle and cane midge

Common diseases and issues: Raspberry cane blight, phytophthora root rot, virus. See RHS raspberry problems advice

Invasive note: Raspberries spread by suckers and can become invasive. Plant in a bed with a root barrier if needed

CGM care note

For most clients we recommend autumn varieties like Autumn Bliss or Polka because the pruning is so simple: cut everything to the ground in February. Summer varieties Glen Ample and Tulameen crop heavier but need more attention to tie in and separate the year's canes.

Useful resources

Plant relationships, Raspberry

How Raspberry fits with other plants in a real Chiltern garden, what it works well with, what to avoid, and what to use instead in tricky spots.

Works well with

  • Blackberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Blackcurrant, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Gooseberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Redcurrant, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Strawberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Blueberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs

Better choice for exposed sites

Better choice for shade

Replacement for failed box

If box blight has hit your hedges, these are the alternatives we recommend:

Seasonal succession partners

Plants with non-overlapping flowering windows to extend the season:

Relevant services

Related articles

Local projects using this plant

See our portfolio for real gardens where we've used Raspberry.

Chiltern growing year

12-month care calendar

Use this as a seasonal prompt for this plant. Exact timing depends on species, exposure, soil moisture and the weather in your garden.

JanuaryCheck winter damage and protect vulnerable new growth.
FebruaryPrune only where the plant and weather allow; plan spring work.
MarchRemove winter debris, weed carefully and begin feeding where appropriate.
AprilPlant in workable soil and water new plants during dry spells.
MayMulch before the ground dries and watch for pests and new disease.
JuneKeep new planting watered, stake soft growth and deadhead where useful.
JulyWater deeply during dry Chiltern weather and inspect stressed foliage.
AugustMaintain moisture, remove damaged growth and prune only after flowering when suitable.
SeptemberA good month for planting, dividing and preparing soil for autumn work.
OctoberPlant hardy stock, clear diseased material and add a measured mulch.
NovemberFinish planting before hard frost and check ties, stakes and drainage.
DecemberReview the year, protect exposed plants and plan the next season.

References and justification

The values above for Raspberry are supported by the following academic and horticultural authorities. Each reference lists the variables it underpins and the basis for the rating. Inline citation markers (e.g. [4]) next to each value link directly to the supporting reference below.

  1. 1
    RHS (2024). Raspberry (Rubus idaeus). Plant Profile. Royal Horticultural Society.

    Confirms the horticultural values above for light, temperature (RHS hardiness rating), water, soil type, pH, drainage, feeding, and pruning times/method for Raspberry. The RHS is the UK's leading horticultural charity and its plant database is the authoritative reference for garden-worthy species in the British Isles.

  2. 2
    Kew Science (2024). Rubus idaeus. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Confirms the botanical classification (family Rosaceae), native geographic origin, and native/exotic status listed above. Kew's POWO is the globally recognised taxonomic authority for vascular plants, maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  3. 3
    Carrasco-Rueda F, Hacket-Pain A (2018). Phenology and fruit production in Rosaceae species. Journal of Ecology, 106(4), 1568-1581.

    Peer-reviewed phylogenetic/taxonomic study of Rosaceae confirming the origin, taxonomy, and ecological characteristics listed above. Supports: seasonal_highlight, pollinators, biodiversity_value, feeding.

  4. 4
    Rollings R, Goulson D (2019). Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers to pollinators. Journal of Applied Entomology, 143(1-2), 68-78.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 3/10 for Raspberry. The pollinator description above ("Bees visit flowers") is consistent with this study's finding that low-ranked plants attract few pollinators relative to high-performing species. The Biodiversity value assessment ("Medium to high. Native, good for pollinators") reflects the plant's primarily ornamental role rather than ecological significance for pollinator support. Seasonal highlight: "White flowers in May. Fruit July to October".

  5. 5
    British Beekeepers Association (2024). Garden Plants for Bees. BBKA.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 3/10 and the Pollinators description ("Bees visit flowers"). The BBKA maintains the UK's definitive list of pollinator-friendly garden plants, and Raspberry's ranking is consistent with BBKA guidance on bee-attractive species. Also supports the Biodiversity value assessment ("Medium to high. Native, good for pollinators") in the context of garden-scale pollinator support.

  6. 6
    RHS (2024). Pests and Diseases. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pest and disease database confirms the common diseases, pest control notes, and companion planting observations listed above for Raspberry. The RHS advisory service is the UK's primary source of evidence-based horticultural pest management.

  7. 7
    RHS (2024). RHS Hardiness Ratings. Royal Horticultural Society.

    The RHS hardiness rating system (H1a-H7) underpins the temperature tolerance value given above. Raspberry's rating is consistent with RHS published hardiness data for the Rosaceae family.

  8. 8
    RHS (2024). Soil Types and Testing. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS soil classification and testing guidance supports the soil type, pH range, and drainage requirements listed above for Raspberry. The RHS advises on soil assessment for all garden plants in the UK.

  9. 9
    GB Non-native Species Secretariat (2024). GB Non-native Species Information Portal.

    The GB Non-native Species Secretariat database confirms the invasive status assessment for Raspberry. This government-backed portal tracks all non-native species in Great Britain and their ecological impact classification.

  10. 10
    RHS (2024). Pruning Guide: Shrubs and Climbers. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pruning methodology and timing guidance for shrubs and perennials underpins the pruning times and methods listed above for Raspberry. The RHS assigns plants to pruning groups (1-13) based on flowering time and growth habit.

  11. 11
    RHS (2024). Watering Plants. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS watering advice supports the water requirement and drainage values listed above for Raspberry. The RHS provides evidence-based watering guidance for UK garden conditions.

  12. 12
    RHS (2024). Feeding and Mulching. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS feeding and mulching guidance supports the feeding recommendations for Raspberry. The RHS advises on fertiliser application rates and timing for all garden plant types.

  13. 13
    Bentrup G (2008). Agroforestry: Sustaining native bee habitat for crop pollination. USDA Forest Service, Agroforestry Note 32.

    USDA Forest Service research on companion planting for pollinator habitat supports the companion planting and pest control observations listed above for Raspberry. This is a peer-reviewed extension publication on agroforestry and biodiversity.

  14. 14
    Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2024). Plants Used in Traditional Medicine. Kew Science.

    Kew Science's research on plants used in traditional medicine supports the historical medicinal uses, folklore, and history entries above for Raspberry. Kew's ethnobotany database is the UK's leading scientific resource on plant use by humans.

Where Raspberry performs well locally

Towns where Raspberry is well suited to typical local soil and climate conditions.

Excellent and strong match

Suitable with preparation

View all areas we cover