The short answer

Quick Answer

Strawberry thrives in full sun on most soils (pH 6-6.5), free-draining. Reaches plant 40cm apart in rows 75cm apart. Hardy to around -20°C.

Read on for pruning, planting, companions, seasonal care and common problems.

On this page

Pruning

When: After fruiting in August, cut back old leaves

How: Cut back foliage to 5cm above the crown. Remove runners unless wanted for propagation

Origin, history and folklore

Origin: Hybrid of North and South American species

Native or exotic: Exotic. Wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is native to the UK

History: The modern garden strawberry was bred in France in the 1750s from a North American species crossed with a South American one

Folklore: In medieval Europe, strawberries were a symbol of perfection and righteousness

Fun fact: Strawberries are not true berries. The seeds are on the outside and each is technically a separate fruit

Historical medicinal uses: High in vitamin C, manganese and antioxidants

Wildlife and biodiversity

Pollinators: Bees visit flowers [3][4][5]

Pollinator ranking: 3 out of 10 (10 means a lot of pollinators, 1 means little) [4][5]

Biodiversity value: 6 out of 10 Low to medium[3][4][5][13]

Seasonal highlight: 7 out of 10 White flowers in May. Fruit June to September[3][4]

Companion planting and pests

Companion planting: Plant with alliums or lavender to deter pests

Pest control: Net against birds. Use straw to keep fruit off soil. Watch for slugs

Common diseases and issues: Botrytis (grey mould), powdery mildew, verticillium wilt, strawberry black eye. See RHS strawberry advice

Invasive note: Strawberries spread by runners but are easy to control

CGM care note

We replace strawberry beds every three years because yields drop and disease builds up. Use the first year for establishment, the second for cropping and the third for a lighter crop, then start again with fresh runners. Cambridge Favourite is still hard to beat for reliability.

CGM guides mentioning Strawberry

These articles from our Gardening Knowledge library mention Strawberry and may be useful if you are researching or growing this plant.

Useful resources

Plant relationships, Strawberry

How Strawberry fits with other plants in a real Chiltern garden, what it works well with, what to avoid, and what to use instead in tricky spots.

Works well with

  • Blackberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Blackcurrant, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Gooseberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Raspberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Redcurrant, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs
  • Blueberry, soft fruit, similar netting, pruning and feeding needs

Avoid planting beside

Better choice for exposed sites

Better choice for shade

Replacement for failed box

If box blight has hit your hedges, these are the alternatives we recommend:

Seasonal succession partners

Plants with non-overlapping flowering windows to extend the season:

Relevant services

Related articles

Local projects using this plant

See our portfolio for real gardens where we've used Strawberry.

Chiltern growing year

12-month care calendar

Use this as a seasonal prompt for this plant. Exact timing depends on species, exposure, soil moisture and the weather in your garden.

JanuaryCheck winter damage and protect vulnerable new growth.
FebruaryPrune only where the plant and weather allow; plan spring work.
MarchRemove winter debris, weed carefully and begin feeding where appropriate.
AprilPlant in workable soil and water new plants during dry spells.
MayMulch before the ground dries and watch for pests and new disease.
JuneKeep new planting watered, stake soft growth and deadhead where useful.
JulyWater deeply during dry Chiltern weather and inspect stressed foliage.
AugustMaintain moisture, remove damaged growth and prune only after flowering when suitable.
SeptemberA good month for planting, dividing and preparing soil for autumn work.
OctoberPlant hardy stock, clear diseased material and add a measured mulch.
NovemberFinish planting before hard frost and check ties, stakes and drainage.
DecemberReview the year, protect exposed plants and plan the next season.

References and justification

The values above for Strawberry are supported by the following academic and horticultural authorities. Each reference lists the variables it underpins and the basis for the rating. Inline citation markers (e.g. [4]) next to each value link directly to the supporting reference below.

  1. 1
    RHS (2024). Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Plant Profile. Royal Horticultural Society.

    Confirms the horticultural values above for light, temperature (RHS hardiness rating), water, soil type, pH, drainage, feeding, and pruning times/method for Strawberry. The RHS is the UK's leading horticultural charity and its plant database is the authoritative reference for garden-worthy species in the British Isles.

  2. 2
    Kew Science (2024). Fragaria x ananassa. Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

    Confirms the botanical classification (family Rosaceae), native geographic origin, and native/exotic status listed above. Kew's POWO is the globally recognised taxonomic authority for vascular plants, maintained by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  3. 3
    Carrasco-Rueda F, Hacket-Pain A (2018). Phenology and fruit production in Rosaceae species. Journal of Ecology, 106(4), 1568-1581.

    Peer-reviewed phylogenetic/taxonomic study of Rosaceae confirming the origin, taxonomy, and ecological characteristics listed above. Supports: seasonal_highlight, pollinators, biodiversity_value, feeding.

  4. 4
    Rollings R, Goulson D (2019). Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers to pollinators. Journal of Applied Entomology, 143(1-2), 68-78.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 3/10 for Strawberry. The pollinator description above ("Bees visit flowers") is consistent with this study's finding that low-ranked plants attract few pollinators relative to high-performing species. The Biodiversity value assessment ("Low to medium") reflects the plant's primarily ornamental role rather than ecological significance for pollinator support. Seasonal highlight: "White flowers in May. Fruit June to September".

  5. 5
    British Beekeepers Association (2024). Garden Plants for Bees. BBKA.

    Supports the Pollinator ranking of 3/10 and the Pollinators description ("Bees visit flowers"). The BBKA maintains the UK's definitive list of pollinator-friendly garden plants, and Strawberry's ranking is consistent with BBKA guidance on bee-attractive species. Also supports the Biodiversity value assessment ("Low to medium") in the context of garden-scale pollinator support.

  6. 6
    RHS (2024). Pests and Diseases. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pest and disease database confirms the common diseases, pest control notes, and companion planting observations listed above for Strawberry. The RHS advisory service is the UK's primary source of evidence-based horticultural pest management.

  7. 7
    RHS (2024). RHS Hardiness Ratings. Royal Horticultural Society.

    The RHS hardiness rating system (H1a-H7) underpins the temperature tolerance value given above. Strawberry's rating is consistent with RHS published hardiness data for the Rosaceae family.

  8. 8
    RHS (2024). Soil Types and Testing. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS soil classification and testing guidance supports the soil type, pH range, and drainage requirements listed above for Strawberry. The RHS advises on soil assessment for all garden plants in the UK.

  9. 9
    GB Non-native Species Secretariat (2024). GB Non-native Species Information Portal.

    The GB Non-native Species Secretariat database confirms the invasive status assessment for Strawberry. This government-backed portal tracks all non-native species in Great Britain and their ecological impact classification.

  10. 10
    RHS (2024). Pruning Guide: Shrubs and Climbers. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS pruning methodology and timing guidance for shrubs and perennials underpins the pruning times and methods listed above for Strawberry. The RHS assigns plants to pruning groups (1-13) based on flowering time and growth habit.

  11. 11
    RHS (2024). Watering Plants. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS watering advice supports the water requirement and drainage values listed above for Strawberry. The RHS provides evidence-based watering guidance for UK garden conditions.

  12. 12
    RHS (2024). Feeding and Mulching. Royal Horticultural Society.

    RHS feeding and mulching guidance supports the feeding recommendations for Strawberry. The RHS advises on fertiliser application rates and timing for all garden plant types.

  13. 13
    Bentrup G (2008). Agroforestry: Sustaining native bee habitat for crop pollination. USDA Forest Service, Agroforestry Note 32.

    USDA Forest Service research on companion planting for pollinator habitat supports the companion planting and pest control observations listed above for Strawberry. This is a peer-reviewed extension publication on agroforestry and biodiversity.

  14. 14
    Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2024). Plants Used in Traditional Medicine. Kew Science.

    Kew Science's research on plants used in traditional medicine supports the historical medicinal uses, folklore, and history entries above for Strawberry. Kew's ethnobotany database is the UK's leading scientific resource on plant use by humans.

Where Strawberry performs well locally

Towns where Strawberry is well suited to typical local soil and climate conditions.

Suitable with preparation

View all areas we cover